肖蛸科化石时期:白垩纪至现在
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长脚突腹蛛(英语:Metellina mengei)
一只雌性的山地肖峭
科学分类
界:
动物界 Animalia
门:
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲:
蛛形纲 Arachnida
目:
蜘蛛目 Araneae
亚目:
背突蛛亚目 Opisthothelae
下目:
新蛛亚目 Araneomorphae
演化支:
复杂生殖器类 Entelegynae
演化支:
圆网蛛类 Orbiculariae
总科:
金蛛总科 Araneoidea
科:
肖蛸科 TetragnathidaeMenge(英语:Anton Menge), 1866
属
见内文
多样性
48个属、1162个个物种
长脚蛛科(学名:Tetragnathidae),又名肖蛸科或肖峭科[1],是蜘蛛目新蛛下目一个蜘蛛的科,由安东·门格(英语:Anton Menge)于1866年描述[2]。
形态描述[编辑]
本科物种有一具拉长了的身体、腿及螯肢,所结的蜘蛛网都是空心圆网,其网经长呈水平或稍微倾斜。部分物种通常可在近水的长长植被里发现[3]。蜘蛛体长雌性约9~13毫米,雄性约7~8毫米。与多半蜘蛛相同,属于本科物种皆有八单眼,其位置如下:
系统学[编辑]
主条目:肖蛸科物种列表
Opadometa fastigata(英语:Opadometa fastigata) in 喀拉拉邦
Mating behaviour of 山地肖峭
根据《中国动物志》,本科包括六个亚科、20个属[1],但有部分分类现时已独立出去,但仍归到金蛛总科之下。
截至2019年4月 (2019-04)[update],World Spider Catalog接纳以下有现生种的属[4]:
Alcimosphenus(英语:Alcimosphenus) Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
Allende(英语:Allende_(spider)) Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
Antillognatha(英语:Antillognatha) Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
Atelidea(英语:Atelidea) Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
Azilia(英语:Azilia_(spider)) Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
Chrysometa(英语:Chrysometa) Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
Cyrtognatha(英语:Cyrtognatha) Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
Dianleucauge(英语:Dianleucauge) Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
Dolichognatha(英语:Dolichognatha) O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
Doryonychus(英语:Doryonychus) Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
锯螯蛛属 锯螯蛛属 Simon, 1893:见于印尼、巴西及萨摩亚。
Eryciniolia(英语:Eryciniolia) Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
Glenognatha(英语:Glenognatha) Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
Guizygiella(英语:Guizygiella) Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
Hispanognatha(英语:Hispanognatha) Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
银腹蛛属 Homalometa(英语:Homalometa) Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
Leucauge White, 1841:又名银鳞蛛属[1]:v ,见于非洲、北美洲、亚洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
Mecynometa(英语:Mecynometa) Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
Mesida(英语:Mesida) Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
后蛛属 Meta(英语:Meta_(spider)) C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
Metabus(英语:Metabus_(spider)) O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
Metellina(英语:Metellina) Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
Mitoscelis(英语:Mitoscelis) Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
Mollemeta(英语:Mollemeta) Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
Nanningia(英语:Nanningia) Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
Nanometa(英语:Nanometa) Simon, 1908 — Australia
Nediphya(英语:Nediphya) Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
Neoprolochus(英语:Neoprolochus) Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
Okileucauge(英语:Okileucauge) Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
Opadometa(英语:Opadometa) Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
Opas(英语:Opas) O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
Orsinome(英语:Orsinome) Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
Pachygnatha(英语:Pachygnatha) Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
Parameta(英语:Parameta) Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
Parazilia(英语:Parazilia) Lessert, 1938 — Congo
Pholcipes(英语:Pholcipes) Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
Pickardinella(英语:Pickardinella) Archer, 1951 — Mexico
Pinkfloydia(英语:Pinkfloydia) Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
Sancus(英语:Sancus_(spider)) Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
Schenkeliella(英语:Schenkeliella) Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
长脚蜘蛛属 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804:又名肖蛸属[1]:v— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
Timonoe(英语:Timonoe) Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
隆背蛛属 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
Zhinu(英语:Zhinu_(spider)) Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
Zygiometella(英语:Zygiometella) Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel
化石种[编辑]
下列各属只有化石种,没有现生种[5]:
†Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近纪, Bitterfield and Baltic amber(英语:Baltic amber))
†Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白垩纪, Las Hoyas, Spain(英语:La Huérguina Formation))
†Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
†Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant(英语:Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument))
†Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
†Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
过往属于本科的属[编辑]
Deliochus(英语:Deliochus) Simon, 1894 – now in 圆蛛科
Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina(英语:Metellina)
Phonognatha(英语:Phonognatha) Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha(英语:Dolichognatha)
参考文献[编辑]
^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 朱明生(法语:Zhu Mingsheng); 宋大祥; 张俊霞 (编). 《中国动物志》 (PDF). 无脊椎动物 第35卷 蛛形纲 蜘蛛目 肖蛸科. 科学出版社. 2003-10: 536 pp. [2020-12-24]. ISBN 9787030213259 (中文(简体)).
^ Menge, Anton. Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.). 1866, 1.
^ Kindall; et al. Arachnidae: An Encyclopedia. San Diego, CA: Random House. 2005: 567.
^ Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866. World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. [2019-04-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-04).
^ Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.
Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). Psyche(英语:Psyche (entomological journal)) 70:180–183. PDF
外部链接[编辑]
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:长脚蛛科
维基物种上的相关信息:长脚蛛科
Tree of Life Tetragnathidae (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Tatragnatha sp. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Large format diagnostic photographs and information
Reference Photos: Tetragnatha laboriosa (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Venusta Orchard Spider - Family Tetragnathidae (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Pictures of Tetragnatha sp. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (free for noncommercial use)
分类单元识别码
维基数据: Q12017
维基物种: Tetragnathidae
ADW: Tetragnathidae
AFD: Tetragnathidae
BioLib: 1529
BOLD: 1290
BugGuide: 1958
CoL: H3F
EoL: 171
EPPO: 1TETGF
Fauna Europaea: 10664
Fauna Europaea(新版): 00d7d196-e786-4945-9cbb-a8e92a390ed2
GBIF: 2151272
iNaturalist: 47551
IRMNG: 101006
ITIS: 847764
NBN: NBNSYS0000161121
NCBI: 27394
NZOR: 7e098f60-b680-48d7-8472-c94b3581da47
OTL: 585615
Plazi: A07146B3-8214-4CEE-B071-313E1F27BAA7
WoRMS: 231927
WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0032